Nge-7 kaMeyi, 2024
Kuluntu lwanamhlanje, umgangatho womoya esiwuphefumlayo uye waba ngumba obalulekileyo. Kuthi thina sihlala ezixekweni okanye ezidolophini, ukuhlala ezidolophini kunye noohola bendlela babumba ubume bendawo kwaye bazise ungcoliseko kunye nabo. Kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, umgangatho womoya uchatshazelwa ikakhulu kulimo lwemizi-mveliso kunye nemisebenzi yemigodi. Njengoko imililo yasendle ivutha ixesha elide kwaye kwiindawo ezininzi, imimandla yonke iboniswa kwizilumkiso zomgangatho womoya.
Ungcoliseko lomoya luye lwanxulunyaniswa noluhlu lweengxaki zempilo. Iziphumo ezithile zempilo zixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nokuxinana kwezinto ezingcolisa umoya, kodwa uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) uqikelela ukuba ungcoliseko lomoya wendlu kunye ne-ambient kubangela ukufa kwezigidi ezi-6.7 ngonyaka ngamnye.
Kule post yebhlog, siza kuphonononga kwiziphumo zempilo zongcoliseko lomoya kunye nezinye zezona zenzo zixhaphakileyo.
Ungcoliseko lomoya luyichaphazela njani impilo yakho?
Umgangatho womoya ophantsi ukhokelela ekufeni kwangaphambi kwexesha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela ukuphefumla kunye neenkqubo zentliziyo. Ukuvezwa kungcoliseko lomoya kunokukhokelela kuzo zombini ezibukhali (ngequbuliso kwaye ziqatha, kodwa zinokuba zexesha elifutshane) kunye nezingapheliyo (ezinokuthi zinganyangeki, iimeko zempilo eziphuhlayo ixesha elide) iimeko zempilo. Nazi ezinye iindlela ungcoliseko lomoya olunokubangela ukufa:
Ukuvuvukala: Ukubonakaliswa kwezinto ezingcolileyo zomoya, ezifana ne-particulate matter (PM) kunye ne-ozone (O3), kunokubangela ukuvuvukala kwenkqubo yokuphefumula kunye ne-cardiovascular systems, kunye nezinye izitho. Oku kudumba kunokwandisa izifo zokuphefumla ezifana nesifo esingapheliyo semiphunga (COPD) kunye neengxaki zentliziyo ezikhokelela ekuhlaselweni yintliziyo kunye nokubetha.
Ukuncipha kokusebenza kwemiphunga: Ukuba sesichengeni ixesha elide kwizinto ezingcolisa umoya, ingakumbi i-fine particulate matter (PM2.5), kunokubangela ukuba ukusebenza kwemiphunga yehle ngokuhamba kwexesha, nto leyo eyenza abantu babe sesichengeni ngakumbi kwizifo zokuphefumla. I-PM2.5 inokuwela umqobo wegazi-ingqondo kwaye ibangele ukonakala kwengqondo
Ukunyuka kwengcinezelo yegazi: Ukungcola, ngokukodwa kwi-traffic-related air-pollution (TRAP) njenge-nitrogen dioxide (NO2), i-ozone kunye ne-PM, zidibaniswe nokunyuka kwengcinezelo yegazi, eyona nto iyingozi kwisifo senhliziyo.
Ukubunjwa kwe-Atherossteosis: Ukutshatyalaliswa kwexesha elide kungcoliseko lomoya kuye kwadibaniswa nokuphuhliswa kwe-atherosclerosis (ukuqina kunye nokunciphisa i-artery), okukhokelela kwisifo senhliziyo njengesifo senhliziyo kunye ne-stroke.
Uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative: Ukubonakaliswa kwezinto ezingcolileyo kunokubangela uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative, kubangela umonakalo kwiiseli kunye nezicubu. Lo monakalo we-oxidative udibaniswe nokuphuhliswa kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo, kubandakanywa ukubetha kunye nomhlaza. Kwakhona kunokukhawulezisa inkqubo yokwaluphala komzimba
Umhlaza: Kwabanye abantu, ukuchanabeka kungcoliseko lomoya kunokubangela umhlaza wemiphunga njengokutshaya. Ungcoliseko lomoya lukwanxulunyaniswa nomhlaza wamabele
Ukwanda kokufa kwangaphambi kwexesha ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nezifo ezingapheliyo ezibangelwa kukuvezwa kwexesha elide emoyeni. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba sesichengeni sexesha elifutshane kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kakhulu. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ulutsha olusempilweni luba nentliziyo ebetha ngokungaqhelekanga kwisithuba nje seeyure zokuchanabeka kungcoliseko lomoya.
Iingxaki zempilo ezinxulumene nokuvezwa kongcoliseko lomoya zibandakanya ukuphefumla kunye nokudumba kwentliziyo, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwemiphunga, ukwanda koxinzelelo lwegazi, ukuqina kunye nokuncipha kwemithambo, ukonakala kweeseli kunye nezicubu, umhlaza wemiphunga kunye nomhlaza wamabele.
Ngoko ke kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ngakumbi emoyeni, ngeli xesha iimveliso zethu ziya kukunika umoya ococekileyo.
IZIQINISEKISO
1 Ungcoliseko lomoya wekhaya. (2023, Disemba 15). I-World Health Organization.https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health.
2 Grunig G, Marsh LM, Esmaeil N, et al. Umbono: ungcoliseko lomoya olungqongileyo: impendulo yokuvuvukala kunye neziphumo kwi-vasculature ye-lung. Pulm Circ. 2014 Mar;4(1):25-35. doi:10.1086/674902.
3 Li W, Lin G, Xiao Z, et al. Uphononongo lwe-particulate matter ephefumlayo (PM2.5)-eyenziwe ukonakala kwengqondo. Ngaphambili Mol Neurosci. 2022 Sep 7;15:967174. doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.967174.
4 Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, et al. Uxinzelelo lwe-Oxidative: Iingozi kunye neeNzuzo kwiMpilo yoLuntu. Oxid Med Iseli Longev. 2017;2017:8416763. doi:10.1155/2017/8416763.
5 Pro Publica. (2021, Novemba 2). Ngaba Ungcoliseko Lomoya Lunokubangela Umhlaza? Oko Kufuneka Ukwazi Ngemingcipheko. UPro Publica.https://www.propublica.org/article/can-air-pollution-cause-cancer-risks.
6 Amanqanaba aphezulu okungcoliseka komoya okunxulumene nokonyuka. (2023, Septemba 12). AmaZiko eSizwe ezeMpilo (NIH).NONE.
7 Yena F, Yanosky JD, Fernandez–Mendoza J, et al. Impembelelo eNgxaki yokuNgcoliseka koMoya oLungileyo kwiCardiac Arrhythmias kwiSampuli esekwe kuBemi loBantu abafikisayo: iPenn State Child Cohort. Uhambo lweAmer Heart Assoc. 2017 Jul 27.;11:e026370. doi:10.1161/JAHA.122.026370.
8 Umhlaza kunye nongcoliseko lomoya. (nd). IManyano yoLawulo loMhlaza lwaMazwe ngaMazwe.https://www.uicc.org/what-we-do/thematic-areas/cancer-and-air-pollution.
9 Uqwalaselo ngokutsha lokuGqibela kwiMigangatho yoMgangatho woMoya weSizwe kwiNdawo eyiNcam (PM). (2024, ngoFebruwari 7). US EPA.https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/final-reconsideration-national-ambient-air-quality-standards-particulate-matter-pm.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-10-2024