Zeziphi iindlela kumgangatho womoya wangaphakathi kunye nefuthe lawo kwimpilo yabantu?

Ngokomyinge, abantu baseMelika bachitha malunga neepesenti ezingama-90 zexesha labo ngaphakathi
1. Ugxininiso lwangaphakathi lwezingcolisi ezithile ludla ngokuphindwe ka-2 ukuya ku-5 ngaphezulu kunomlinganiselo oqhelekileyo wangaphandle.
2. Abantu abadla ngokuchaphazeleka kakhulu kwiziphumo ezibi zongcoliseko (umzekelo, abancinci kakhulu, abantu abadala, abo banesifo sentliziyo okanye ukuphefumla) badla ngokuchitha ixesha elininzi bengaphakathi.
3. Ugxininiso lwangaphakathi lwezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya lunyukile kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje ngenxa yolwakhiwo lwezakhiwo olusebenza ngamandla (xa umoya owaneleyo ngoomatshini unqongophele ukuqinisekisa ukutshintshiselana komoya okwaneleyo) Amayeza okubulala izinambuzane, kunye nabacoci bamakhaya.

Izingcolisi kunye neMithombo
Izingcolisi eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
• Iimveliso ezivuthayo ezifana nekhabhon monoksayidi, intwana yentwana kunye nomsi wecuba okhoyo.
• Izinto zendalo zendalo, ezifana neradon, pet dander, kunye nokungunda.
• Iiarhente zebhayoloji ezifana nokungunda.
• Amayeza ezinambuzane, ilothe kunye neasbestos.
• I-ozone (esuka kwezinye izicoci zomoya).
• IiVOC ezahlukeneyo ezivela kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye nemathiriyeli.

Uninzi lwezinto ezingcolisa umoya ezichaphazela umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi ziphuma ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo, kodwa ezinye ziphuma ngaphandle.
• Imithombo yangaphakathi (imithombo engaphakathi kwisakhiwo ngokwaso). Imithombo yokutsha kwindawo yangaphakathi, kubandakanywa icuba, iinkuni kunye nokufudumeza kwamalahle kunye nezixhobo zokupheka, kunye neendawo zomlilo, zikhupha izinto ezinobungozi ezivuthayo ezifana ne-carbon monoxide kunye ne-particulate matter ngqo kwindawo yangaphakathi. Izixhobo zokucoca, iipeyinti, izibulali-zinambuzane, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zazisa imichiza emininzi eyahlukeneyo, kuquka iikhompawundi eziguquguqukayo zezinto eziphilayo, ngqo emoyeni wangaphakathi. Iimathiriyeli zokwakha zikwayimithombo enokubakho, nokuba kungezinto ezonakeleyo (umzekelo, iintsinga ze-asbestos ezikhutshwe kwi-insulation yokwakha) okanye kwizinto ezintsha (umzekelo, ukukhutshwa kwekhemikhali kwiimveliso zomthi ezicinezelweyo). Ezinye izinto ezisemoyeni wangaphakathi zezendalo, ezifana neradon, ukungunda, kunye nepet dander.

• Imithombo yangaphandle: Izinto ezingcolisa umoya zangaphandle zinokungena kwizakhiwo ngeengcango ezivuliweyo, iifestile, inkqubo yokuphefumla, kunye neentanda zezakhiwo. Ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo zingena ngaphakathi ezindlwini ngeziseko zezakhiwo. Iradon, umzekelo, yenza ngaphantsi komhlaba xa ngokwemvelo iuranium ivela ematyeni kunye nokubola komhlaba. I-radon inokungena kwisakhiwo ngokusebenzisa iintanda okanye izikhewu kwisakhiwo. Umsi oyingozi ophuma kwiitshimini unokuphinda ungene ezindlwini, ungcolise umoya emakhayeni kunye noluntu. Kwiindawo apho amanzi aphantsi komhlaba okanye umhlaba ungcolisekile, iikhemikhali eziguquguqukayo zinokungena kwizakhiwo ngendlela efanayo. Iikhemikhali eziguquguqukayo kwiinkqubo zamanzi zinokungena kumoya wangaphakathi xa abantu bezakhiwo besebenzisa amanzi (umzekelo, ishawari, ukupheka). Ekugqibeleni, xa abantu bengena kwizakhiwo, banokuthi bengaqondanga bazise uthuli nothuli oluphuma ngaphandle ngezihlangu nempahla yabo, kwanokungcola okuncamathele kula masuntswana.

Ezinye izinto ezichaphazela uMgangatho woMoya wangaphakathi
Ukongeza, ezinye izinto ezininzi zinokuchaphazela umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi, kubandakanya amazinga okutshintshana komoya, imozulu yangaphandle, iimeko zemozulu, kunye nokuziphatha kwabantu. Izinga lotshintshiselwano lomoya kunye nangaphandle yinto ebalulekileyo ekunqumeni ukuxinwa kwezinto ezingcolileyo zomoya zangaphakathi. Isantya sokutshintshana komoya siphenjelelwa kuyilo, ukwakhiwa kunye neeparamitha zokusebenza zesakhiwo kwaye ekugqibeleni ngumsebenzi wokungena (umoya ugeleza kwisakhiwo ngokuvuleka, amajoyina kunye nokuqhekeka kweendonga, imigangatho kunye neesilingi kunye neengcango kunye neefestile), umoya wendalo (umoya uqukuqela ngokuvula iifestile neengcango) kunye nokungenisa umoya ngoomatshini (umoya unyanzeliswa kwigumbi okanye ngaphandle kwegumbi ngesixhobo sokungenisa umoya esifana nefeni okanye inkqubo yokuphatha umoya).

Imozulu yangaphandle kunye neemeko zemozulu kunye nokuziphatha kwabahlali nako kunokuchaphazela umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi. Iimeko zemozulu zinokuchaphazela ukuba ngaba abahlali besakhiwo bayavula okanye bavale iifestile nokuba basebenzisa izifudumezi zomoya, izifudumezi okanye izifudumezi, zonke ezi zinto zichaphazela umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi. Iimeko ezithile zemozulu zinokunyusa amathuba okufuma okungaphakathi kunye nokukhula komngundo ngaphandle kokungena komoya okufanelekileyo okanye ulawulo lwesimo somoya.

Impembelelo kwimpilo yabantu
Iziphumo zempilo ezinxulumene nezingcolisi zomoya zangaphakathi ziquka:
• Ukucaphuka kwamehlo, impumlo kunye nomqala.
• Intloko, isiyezi kunye nokudinwa.
• Isifo sokuphefumla, isifo sentliziyo kunye nomhlaza.

Ikhonkco phakathi kwezingcolisi zomoya eziqhelekileyo zangaphakathi (umz. iradon, ungcoliseko lwamasuntswana, icarbon monoxide, iLegionella) kunye neziphumo zempilo zisekwe kakuhle.
• Iradon ngumhlaza owaziwayo womntu kwaye ungoyena nobangela uphambili womhlaza wemiphunga.

Ikharbhon monoxide inetyhefu, kwaye ukutyhileka okwethutyana kumanqanaba aphezulu ekharbhon monoksayidi kwindawo yangaphakathi kunokubulala.

Isifo seLegionnaires, uhlobo lwenyumoniya olubangelwa kukuchanabeka kwibhaktheriya yeLegionella, inxulunyaniswa nezakhiwo ezinomoya opholileyo okanye iinkqubo zokufudumeza.

Uninzi lwezinto ezingcolisa umoya ezingaphakathi -- amangolwane, ukungunda, i-pet dander, umsi wecuba wendalo esingqongileyo, izinto ezimele amaphela, izinto ezithile, njalo njalo.
Ngelixa iziphumo ezibi zempilo zibalelwa kungcoliseko oluthile, ukuqonda kwezenzululwazi kweminye imiba yomgangatho womoya wangaphakathi kusavela.

Omnye umzekelo yi "sick building syndrome," eyenzeka xa abahlali besakhiwo bafumana iimpawu ezifanayo emva kokungena kwisakhiwo esithile, esinciphisa okanye sinyamalale emva kokushiya isakhiwo. Ezi mpawu ziya zibalelwa ngakumbi kwizakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zomoya wangaphakathi.

Abaphandi baye bafunda ubudlelwane phakathi komgangatho womoya wangaphakathi kunye nemiba ebalulekileyo ngokwesiko ethathwa njengengahambelani nempilo, efana nokusebenza komfundi kwigumbi lokufundela kunye nemveliso kwiindawo zobungcali.

Enye indawo ephuhlayo yophando kuyilo, ukwakhiwa, ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa "kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza" ukwenzela ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokuphucula umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi.

Isalathiso seROE
Nangona kuninzi kwaziwa malunga noluhlu olubanzi lweengxaki zomgangatho womoya wangaphakathi kunye neziphumo zempilo ezinxulumene nazo, zimbini kuphela izikhombisi zelizwe zomgangatho womoya wangaphakathi osekelwe kwidatha yexesha elide kunye nekhwalithi ekhoyo ngoku: i-radon kunye ne-serum cotinine (umlinganiselo wokuvezwa komsi wecuba. Isalathiso.)

Ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, iimetriki ze-ROE azinakuphuhliswa eminye imiba yomgangatho womoya wangaphakathi. Umzekelo, akukho nethiwekhi yokubeka iliso kwilizwe lonke elihlala lilinganisa umgangatho womoya ngaphakathi kwesampulu esemthethweni ngokwezibalo yamakhaya, izikolo, kunye nezakhiwo zeeofisi. Oku akuthethi ukuba akukho nto yaziwayo malunga noluhlu olubanzi lwemiba yomgangatho womoya wangaphakathi kunye neziphumo zempilo ezinxulumene nazo. Endaweni yoko, ulwazi kunye nedatha malunga nale miba inokufunyanwa kupapasho lukarhulumente kunye noncwadi lwenzululwazi. Ezi nkcukacha aziboniswa njengezalathi ze-ROE ngenxa yokuba azimeli kuzwelonke okanye azibonisi imiba kwixesha elide ngokwaneleyo.